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Welcome to the Complexity Zoo... There are now 545 classes and counting!

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Complexity classes by letter: Symbols - A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

Lists of related classes: Communication Complexity - Hierarchies - Nonuniform

This information was originally moved from http://eu6tl6.wcbzw.com/ in August 2005, and is currently under the watchful eyes of its original creators:

Zookeeper 

Scott Aaronson

Veterinarian 

Greg Kuperberg

Tour Guide 

Christopher Granade

In 2012, this content was moved again to the University of Waterloo and is maintained there by

Zoo Conservationist 

Vincent Russo

Errors? Omissions? Misattributions? Your favorite class not here? Then please contribute to the zoo as you see fit by signing up and clicking on the edit links. Please include references, or better yet links to papers if available.

To create a new class, click on the edit link of the class before or after the one that you want to add and copy the format of that class. (The classes are alphabetized by their tag names.) Then add the class to the table of contents and increment the total number of classes. After this, you can use the side edit links to edit the individual sections. For more on using the wiki language, see our simple wiki help page.

If you would like to contribute but feel unable to make the updates yourself, email the zookeeper at scott at scottaaronson.com.

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Introductory Resources

• Introductory Essay: New visitors may want to stop here and see what the Zoo is all about.
• Petting Zoo: A more gentle version of the Zoo with fewer classes, meant for new initiates in complexity. (If you're looking for where the Most Important Classes went, look in the Petting Zoo.)

Other Collections and Resources

• ssr小工具官网安卓版: Problems of interest in complexity theory and some notes about important inclusions.
• Complexity Dojo: A collection of major theorems in complexity theory.
• Special Exhibit: A collection of classes of quantum states and probability distributions.
• Complexity Zoology: A computer-assisted survey maintained by the Greg Kuperberg, including active and static inclusion diagrams.
• Complexity Zoo for iPad (and iPhone): An iOS viewer for Complexity Zoo.

Appendices

• Glossary: Definitions of some complexity theoretic terms.
• ssr手机安卓: Bibliography for the Zoo.
• ssr下载官方: A resource for those who insist on communicating verbally about complexity.
• Conventions and Notation: Common notational conventions used here at the Zoo.
• Operators: A (very short) list of operators which act upon classes.
• ssr下载官方: Where the Zookeeper and friends acknowledge those who have helped out with the Zoo.
• Complexity Zoo Contributor's Guide: A guide on how to get started helping out with the Zoo.

NB: Longtime Zoo watchers may recall Chris Bourke's LaTeX version of the Zoo and Chad Brewbaker's graphical inclusion diagram. These references are obsolete until further notice.

旋风 加速

Complexity classes by letter: Symbols - A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

Lists of related classes: Communication Complexity - ssr手机安卓 - Nonuniform

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0-1-NP_C - 1NAuxPDA^p - 2-EXP - 3SUM-hard - #AC⁰ - #L - ssr最新版本Android - #GA - #P - #W[t] - ⊕EXP - ⊕L - ⊕L/poly - ssr手机安卓 - ⊕P^cc - ⊕SAC⁰ - ⊕SAC¹

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A₀PP - AC - AC⁰ - AC⁰[m] - AC¹ - ACC⁰ - AH - AL - ALL - ssr下载官方 - AlgP/poly - Almost-NP - Almost-P - Almost-PSPACE - AM - AM^cc - AM_EXP - AM ∩ coAM - AM[polylog] - ssr最新版本Android - AmpP-BQP - AP - APP - APX - ATIME - AUC-SPACE(f(n)) - AuxPDA - AVBPP - AvgE - AvgP - AW[P] - AWPP - ssr安卓最新版下载 - AW[*] - AW[t] - AxP - AxPP

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βP - BC₌P - BH - BP_d(P) - BPE - BPEE - BP_HSPACE(f(n)) - BPL - BP•NP - BPP - BPP^cc - BPP_$k$^cc - BPP^KT - BPP/log - BPP/mlog - BPP//log - ssr手机安卓 - BPP-OBDD - BPP_path - BPQP - ssr安卓最新版下载 - BPTIME(f(n)) - BQNC - BQNP - BQP - BQP/log - ssr最新版本Android - BQP/mlog - BQP/mpoly - BQP/qlog - BQP/qpoly - BQP-OBDD - ssr手机安卓 - BQP_CTC - BQP_tt/poly - BQTIME(f(n)) - k-BWBP

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C₌AC⁰ - C₌L - C₌P - CC - CC⁰ - CFL - CLOG - CH - Check - CL#P - C_kP - CNP - coAM - coC₌P - cofrIP - Coh - coMA - coMod_kP - compIP - compNP - coNE - coNEXP - coNL - coNP - coNP^cc - coNP/poly - coNQP - coRE - coRNC - coRP - coSL - coSPARSE - coUCC - coUP - CP - cq-Σ₂ - CSIZE(f(n)) - CSL - CSP - CZK

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D#P - DCFL - Δ₂P - δ-BPP - δ-RP - DET - DiffAC⁰ - DisNP - DistNP - DP - DQC1 - DQP - DSPACE(f(n)) - DTIME(f(n)) - DTISP(t(n),s(n)) - ssr下载官方 - Dyn-ThC⁰

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E - EE - EEE - EESPACE - EEXP - EH - ELEMENTARY - EL_kP - EP - EPTAS - ssr下载官方 - EQP - EQP_K - EQTIME(f(n)) - ESPACE - ∃BPP - ∃NISZK - EXP - EXP/poly - EXPSPACE

F

FBQP - FERT - FPERT - Few - ssr下载官方 - FewP - FH - ssr最新版本Android - FNL - ssr安卓最新版下载 - FNP - FO - ssr手机安卓 - FO(LFP) - FO(PFP) - FO(TC) - FO($ssr最新版本Android$) - FOLL - FP - FP^NP[log] - FPL - FPR - FPRAS - FPT - FPT_nu - FPT_su - FPTAS - FQMA - ssr下载官方 - F-TAPE(f(n)) - F-TIME(f(n))

G

GA - GAN-SPACE(f(n)) - GapAC⁰ - GapL - GapP - GC(s(n),C) - GCSL - GI - GLO - GPCD(r(n),q(n)) - G[t]

H

HalfP - HeurBPP - HeurBPTIME(f(n)) - HeurDTIME_$\delta$(f(n)) - HeurP - HeurPP - HeurNTIME_$\delta$(f(n)) - H_kP - HVSZK

ssr安卓客户端最新版下载

IC[log,poly] - IP - IPP - IP[polylog]

L

L - LC⁰ - LH - LIN - L_kP - LOGCFL - LogFew - LogFewNL - LOGLOG - LOGNP - ssr小工具官网安卓版 - L/poly - LWPP

M

MA - MA^cc - MA' - MAC⁰ - MA_E - MA_EXP - mAL - MA_POLYLOG - MaxNP - MaxPB - MaxSNP - MaxSNP₀ - mcoNL - MinPB - MIP - MIP* - MIP^ns - MIP_EXP - (M_k)P - mL - MM - MMSNP - mNC¹ - mNL - mNP - Mod_kL - ssr安卓最新版下载 - Mod_kP - ssr最新版本Android - ModZ_kL - mP - MP - MPC - mP/poly - mTC⁰

N

NAuxPDA^p - NC - NC⁰ - NC¹ - NC² - NE - NE/poly - ssr手机安卓 - NEE - NEEE - NEEXP - NEXP - NEXP/poly - NIPZK - NIQSZK - ssr手机安卓 - NISZK_h - NL - ssr手机安卓 - NLIN - NLO - NLOG - NONE - NNC(f(n)) - NP - NPC - NP_C - NP^cc - NP_$k$^cc - NPI - NP ∩ coNP - ssr小工具官网安卓版 - NP/log - NPMV - NPMV-sel - NPMV_t - NPMV_t-sel - NPO - ssr小工具官网安卓版 - NP/poly - (NP,P-samplable) - NP_R - NPSPACE - NPSV - NPSV-sel - NPSV_t - NPSV_t-sel - NQP - NSPACE(f(n)) - NT - NT* - NTIME(f(n))

O

OptP

ssr小工具官网安卓版

P - ssr小工具官网安卓版 - ssr手机安卓 - P^#P - P^{ssr最新版本Android} - P_CTC - PAC⁰ - PBP - k-PBP - P_C - P^cc - P_$k$^cc - PCD(r(n),q(n)) - P-Close - PCP(r(n),q(n)) - ssr安卓最新版下载 - PermUP - PEXP - PF - PFCHK(t(n)) - PH - PH^cc - Φ₂P - PhP - Π₂P - PINC - PIO - P^K - PKC - PL - PL₁ - PL_∞ - PLF - PLL - PLS - P^NP - P^{ssr安卓最新版下载} - P^{ssr小工具官网安卓版} - P^{ssr安卓客户端最新版下载} - P^NP[log] - P^{NP[log^2]} - P-OBDD - PODN - polyL - PostBPP - PostBPP^cc - PostBQP - PP - PP^cc - PP/poly - PPA - PPAD - PPADS - P^PP - PPP - PPSPACE - P^QMA[log] - PQUERY - PR - P_R - Pr_HSPACE(f(n)) - PromiseBPP - PromiseBQP - PromiseP - PromiseRP - PromiseUP - PrSPACE(f(n)) - P-Sel - PSK - PSPACE - PSPACE^cc - PSPACE/poly - PT₁ - PTAPE - PTAS - PT/WK(f(n),g(n)) - PZK

Q

Q - QAC⁰ - QAC⁰[m] - QACC⁰ - QAC_f⁰ - QAM - QCFL - ssr小工具官网安卓版 - QCPH - QH - QIP - QIP[2] - QL - QMA - QMA-plus - QMA(2) - QMA₁ - QMA_log - QMAM - QMA/qpoly - QMIP - QMIP_le - QMIP_ne - QNC - QNC⁰ - QNC_f⁰ - QNC¹ - QP - QPH - QPLIN - QPSPACE - QRG - QRG(k) - ssr最新版本Android - QRG(1) - QSZK

R

R - RBQP - RE - REG - RevSPACE(f(n)) - RG - RG[1] - R_HL - R_HSPACE(f(n)) - RL - RNC - RP - RP^cc - RP_$k$^cc - RPP - RQP - RSPACE(f(n))

S

S₂P - S₂-EXP•P^NP - SAC - SAC⁰ - SAC¹ - SAPTIME - SBP - SBP^cc - ssr手机安卓 - SC - SE - SEH - SelfNP - SF_k - Σ₂P - SKC - SL - SLICEWISE PSPACE - SNP - SO - SO(Horn) - SO(Krom) - ssr手机安卓 - SO(TC) - SO[$ssr安卓客户端最新版下载$] - SP - span-L - span-P - SPARSE - SPL - SPP - SQG - SUBEXP - symP - SZK - SZK_h

T

TALLY - TC⁰ - TFNP - Θ₂P - TI - Tower - TreeBQP - TREE-REGULAR

U

UAM^cc - UAP - UCC - UCFL - UE - UL - ssr小工具官网安卓版 - UP - UP^cc - UPostBPP^cc - UPP^cc - US - USBP^cc - UWAPP^cc

ssr最新版本Android

VC_k - VC_OR - VNC_k - VNP_k - VP_k - VPL - VQP_k

ssr下载官方

W[1] - WAPP - WAPP^cc - WHILE - W[P] - WPP - ssr手机安卓 - W[*] - W[t] - W^*[t]

X

XOR-MIP*[2,1] - XL - XNL - XP - XP_uniform

Y

YACC - YP - YPP - YQP

Z

ZAM^cc - ssr安卓客户端最新版下载 - ZK - ZPE - ZPP - ZPP^cc - ssr小工具官网安卓版 - ZQP